Exploring Different Types of Orthotics: A Comprehensive Guide

Orthotics are specialized devices worn inside shoes to correct foot and ankle problems, improve function, and alleviate pain. They come in various forms, each designed to address specific needs and conditions¹. This blog post delves into the different types of orthotics, their benefits, and the scientific evidence supporting their use. We have many articles and even a podcast on this topic that you can check out here.

Types of Orthotics

1. Over-the-Counter (OTC) Orthotics: These are pre-made inserts available at pharmacies and stores. They provide general support and cushioning for mild foot discomfort¹. While they are affordable and easily accessible, they may not offer the customized support needed for more severe conditions.
2. Custom-Made Orthotics: These are specifically designed for an individual’s feet by a podiatrist or orthotist. Custom orthotics are made after a thorough examination of the patient’s feet, gait, and specific needs². They offer superior support and correction for more complex foot issues¹.
3. Functional Orthotics: These are designed to control abnormal foot function and improve foot alignment. They are often used for conditions like flat feet, high arches, and overpronation. Functional orthotics help distribute pressure evenly across the foot, reducing strain on specific areas².
4. Accommodative Orthotics: These are softer and more cushioned, providing relief from pain caused by conditions like arthritis, diabetic foot ulcers, and severe foot deformities. They are designed to accommodate and protect sensitive areas of the foot².
5. Sports Orthotics: These are tailored for athletes and individuals engaged in high-impact activities. They provide enhanced shock absorption and support to prevent injuries and improve performance³. Sports orthotics are often semi-rigid to balance comfort and control.
6. Dress Orthotics: These are slim and designed to fit into dress shoes without compromising style. They provide support and comfort for individuals who stand or walk for extended periods while wearing formal footwear³.

Scientific Evidence Supporting Orthotics

Research has shown that orthotics can be effective in managing various foot and lower extremity conditions. A systematic review published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine found that orthotics are effective in preventing injuries and reducing pain⁵. Another study in the same journal highlighted that custom orthotics can help with conditions like plantar fasciitis and metatarsalgia.

A review in the journal Musculoskeletal Surgery emphasized the importance of individualized treatment approaches and patient education in the effective use of orthotics. The study found that orthotics, combined with proper footwear modifications, can alleviate symptoms of lesser toe deformities and other forefoot disorders⁴.

So what?

Orthotics are a valuable tool in managing foot, knee, hip, and lower back pain. By providing the right support and alignment, they can improve overall foot function and reduce discomfort⁴. Whether you opt for over-the-counter inserts or custom-made devices, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best option for your specific needs. Our Pedorthists and physiotherapists are ready to assist you with any of your custom orthotic needs.

And the research to support all that I say…

1. Bonanno, D. R., Landorf, K. B., Munteanu, S. E., Murley, G. S., & Menz, H. B. (2017). Effectiveness of foot orthoses and shock-absorbing insoles for the prevention of injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(2), 86.

2. Whittaker, G. A., Munteanu, S. E., Menz, H. B., Tan, J. M., Rabusin, C. L., & Landorf, K. B. (2017). Foot orthoses for plantar heel pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(5), 322.

3. Rasenberg, N., Riel, H., Rathleff, M. S., Bierma-Zeinstra, S. M., & van Middelkoop, M. (2017). Efficacy of foot orthoses for the treatment of plantar heel pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(16), 1040.

4. Rudert, M. (2022). Patient-Specific Implants in Musculoskeletal (Orthopedic) Surgery. MDPI Books.

5. Liang, W., Zhou, C., Bai, J., Zhang, H., Jiang, B., Wang, J., Fu, L., Long, H., Huang, X., & Zhao, J. (2024). Current advancements in therapeutic approaches in orthopedic surgery: a review of recent trends. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 12.

In Health,  Grant Fedoruk

This information is not meant to replace the advice or treatment of a qualified physician or physiotherapist.  It is meant for information only.  Please seek an assessment and discuss your treatment options with your caregiver prior to making a decision about your treatment path.